There is level 4 evidence that the more forward position of the rear wheel improves pushrim biomechanics, shoulder joint forces, push frequency and stroke angle.

There is level 4 evidence that adding 5-10 kg to the weight of a particular wheelchair will not effect the wheeling style under level wheeling, low speed conditions.

There is level 4 evidence that the use of an ultra light wheelchair will improve the propulsion efficiency for SCI users.

There is level 4 evidence that user weight is directly related to pushrim forces, the risk of median nerve injury and the prevalence of shoulder pain and injury.

There is level 4 evidence that the “semicircular” and “arcing” wheelchair propelling patterns reduce cadence and time spent in each phase of propulsion. Thus using these patterns may reduce the risk of median nerve injury.

There is level 4 evidence that there is no difference in propulsion biomechanics between the different stroke patterns. Thus there may be no advantage to using one pattern over another.

There is level 2 evidence that exercise training (at physical capacity) and upper extremity strengthening influence wheelchair skill performance during inpatient rehabilitation.

There is level 4 evidence that wheeling cross slope results in increased loading on users’ arms and may lead to overuse injuries.

There is level 2 evidence that the use of Spinergy wheels verses standard steel-spoked wheels was no more effective in reducing spasticity by absorbing vibration forces when wheeling.

There is level 4 evidence that tire pressure effects energy expenditure only after the tire has been deflated by 50%.

There is level 4 evidence that a flexible handrim will reduce wrist and finger flexor activity during wheelchair propulsion.

There is level 4 evidence that the use of a PAPAW will reduce upper extremity ROM in individuals with paraplegia during wheelchair propulsion.

There is level 4 evidence that use of a PAPAW may improve the ability of individuals with tetraplegia to complete ADLs.

There is level 4 evidence that the use of a PAPAW may reduce metabolic energy costs for individuals with paraplegia during propulsion and has higher ergonomic rating by users.

There is level 4 evidence that the PAPAW reduces upper extremity ROM in individuals with tetraplegia during wheelchair propulsion. Metabolic energy expenditure and stroke frequency may be reduced.

There is level 1b evidence that the use of PAPAWs allows individuals with a spinal cord injury (paraplegia and tetraplegia levels) who have long standing shoulder pain to propel their wheelchair further while decreasing energy costs and perceived exertion.

There is level 3 evidence that for individuals requiring power mobility, the pushrim-activated, power assisted wheelchair may provide an alternative to power wheelchair use.

There is level 4 evidence suggesting there is a lack of clarity in the best approach to measure power wheelchair use.

There is level 4 evidence to suggest that neurological level alone is not indicative of power versus manual wheelchair use.

There is level 4 evidence to suggest that larger amounts of tilt alone or in combination with 100° or 120° recline result in increased blood flow and decreased interface pressure at the ischial tuberosities. There is inconsistency in the minimum amount of tilt needed to significantly increase both blood flow and interface pressure reduction.

There is level 4 evidence (from 1 single group post test study) that a series of short duration training sessions enables individuals with limited walking ability to safely operate a Segway Personal Transporter.

There is level 4 evidence (from 1 single group post test study) and qualitative evidence (from 1 study) that a Segway Personal Transporter are a preferred form when compared to the usual mobility device.

There is level 4 that use of a Segway Personal Transporter does not decrease the time required to complete an obstacle course.

There is level 4 evidence to support that the presence of spinal and pelvic changes/abnormalities on the SCI typical seated posture impacts the prescription and set-up of the wheelchair and pressure management regimes.

There is level 4 evidence that use of lateral trunk supports in specialized seating improve spinal alignment and reduce lumbar angles.

There is level 4 evidence to support the evaluation of functional performance which may facilitate the decision making process for assessment and prescription of wheelchair and seating equipment options providing objective information about performance.   

There is level 4 evidence to support that pelvic positioning especially related to pelvic tilt and the impact of the pelvis on the trunk, impacted upper extremity and reaching activities, performance of activities of daily living and postural stability.  

There is level 4 evidence to support that custom contoured cushions (CCC) have attributes that promote their use as a safe sitting surface for the SCI population.  However, disadvantages and cautions are identified for the actual use of CCC.  

There is level 3 evidence to support not generalizing pressure mapping data from non-disabled subject to SCI subjects.

There is level 4 evidence to support the typical locations for high pressure in the SCI population being the ischial tuberosities and the coccyx.

There is level 4 evidence to support not generalizing pressure mapping data from the elderly population to the SCI population.

There is level 4 evidence to support the air cushion as producing low and mean ischial tuberosity pressure and high area of pressure distribution. However, not all cushions have been studied and pressure performance is not the only parameter for consideration in cushion selection.

There is level 4 evidence to support using postural or position changes to temporarily redistribute pressure at the ischial tuberosities and sacrum.

There is level 4 evidence to support dynamic peak pressures are greater than static but the cumulative loading is comparable between dynamic and static loading.

There is level 4 evidence to suggest that electric stimulation of the gluteal muscles alters pressure at the ischial tuberosities; however, the impact on pelvic tilt, and the effect of cushions and wheelchair set up on the outcomes needs to be researched.