Steers et al. 1992
USA
PEDro=8
RCT
Initial N=10; Final N=9

Population: SCI: Age = 24-61 yrs; Gender: males = 7, females = 3; Time since injury = 1-12 yrs.
Treatment: Intrathecal bolus of baclofen or saline at L3 to L4.
Outcome Measures: Reduction in spasticity, urodynamics.

• Post bolus intrathecal:
  • Increase in bladder volume at first sensation and bladder compliance at 2 hrs (p<0.05).
  • Ashworth decrease >2.   
• Pre-post continuous intrathecal baclofen:
  • Increased volume, volume at first sensation, compliance, residual volume: p<0.05
  • Decreased maximum urethral pressure, voiding pressure: p<0.05.
  • Change in bladder symptoms reported at or after 48 hours.
  • Dosages ranged from 94-372 ug (mean 220 ug) and followup ranged from 12-23 months (mean 18).

Chartier-Kastler et al. 2000
France
Downs & Black score=7
Case Series
N=9

Population: Gender: males = 6, females = 3; Level of injury: paraplegia; Severity of injury: complete, incomplete.
Treatment: All underwent surgery to have a catheter implanted allowing intrathecal injections of Clonidine.
Outcome Measures: Complications.

• No statistical results reported.
• Six of 9 subjects elected to have permanent pump implantation for the treatment of severe detrussor hyperreflexia.
• No complication or infections reported.