Chartier-Kastler et al. 2000
France
Downs & Black=18
Pre-Post
N=17

Population: Mean age = 36.5 yrs; Gender: males = 11, females = 6; Level of injury: above T6 = 4, T6-T12 = 9, below T12 = 4; Severity of injury: complete = 14, incomplete = 3; Mean duration of SCI = 7.5 yrs.
Treatment: Patients underwent partial cystectomy with enterocystoplasty or detubularized clam cystoplasty.
Outcome Measures: Continence, maximal cystometric capacity, filling pressure, complications.  Patients were followed at 1, 3, 6, 12 months and then yearly with most results reported for a mean follow-up period of 6.3±3.8 years..

• 88.5% of patients were completely continent postoperatively.
• A significant increase in maximal cystometric capacity by 191% was seen (p<0.05).
• Maximal filling pressure decreased by 72% (p<0.05).
• No complications were encountered.

Reyblat et al. 2009
USA
Downs & Black = 18
Case control
N=73 (n=68 with SCI)

Population: Neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Mean age=34yrs; Gender: males=55, females=18.
Treatment: Charts were reviewed of patients who had previously undergone extraperitoneal augmentation (n=49) and intraperitoneal augmentation (n=24) to assess effectiveness.
Outcome Measures: Complication rate, operation time, bowel function, catheterization time.

• Overall complication rate was similar in both groups (Extraperitoneal 37% vs Intraperitoneal 42%).
• Intraperitoneal group had a significantly higher operation time than the extraperitoneal group (p<0.0001).
• Bowel function returned earlier in extraperitoneal group than the intraperitoneal group (p=0.0005).
• No significant difference was seen between the groups in mean time to catheter removal.

Nomura et al. 2002
Japan
Downs & Black=18
Case series
N(SCI)=11

Population: SCI: Mean age = 29.0 yrs; Gender: males = 10, females = 1; Level of injury: thoracic = 11; Severity of injury: complete = 10, incomplete = 1; Etiology of injury: trauma = 10, transverse myelitis = 1; Mean time since injury = 73.5 mnths.
Treatment: Retrospective review of augmentation ileocystoplasty.
Outcome Measures: Bladder capacity, continence, complications with a mean follow-up of 66.0±42.9 months (8-135 months).

• Bladder capacity significantly increased postoperatively (p<0.001).
• All patients showed improvement in urinary incontinence.
• Complications included:
  • Transient paralytic ileus occurred in 36.4% of patients.
  • Wound infection occurred in 1 patient.

Quek & Ginsberg 2003
USA
D&B=18
Case series
N=26

Population: SCI patients with bladder augmentation: Mean age = 29 yrs; Gender: males = 18, females = 8.
Treatment: Bladder augmentation (“clam-shell” ileocystoplasty for 23 of 26) with a minimum of retrospective review of 4 years. The majority of patients had this done in conjunction with various other continence or antireflux techniques.
Outcome Measures: Bladder capacity, maximum detrusor pressure, subsequent operations, bowel function, UTI, complications, satisfaction. Mean followup = 8 yrs.

• There was a signficant increase in bladder capacity from preaugmentation to postaugmentation (p<0.001).
• Mean maximum detrusor pressure decreased significantly (p<0.01).
• After an average of 4.4 yrs, 46% of patients required a subsequent urological procedure.  42% of these required procedures for stones and 58% required an open operation.
• Higher incidence of subsequent urological surgery was seen in patients who underwent concomitant procedures for continence or reflux prevention than those who underwent augmentation alone (69 vs 23%).
• No significant changes in bowel function were seen in 88% of patients.
• 88% of patients with previous symptomatic urinary infections had significant improvement in the frequency of infections.
• Perforation of the augmented bladder was not seen in any patient.
• Patients were very satisfied with the bladder augmentation and would recommend it to a friend.