Fractures

Comarr
1962

1,363

19-58

81 patients with 109 lower extremity fractures (6% of the group)

complete spinal cord injury

Ragnarsson
1981

578

4-77

23 patients with 33 lower extremity fractures (4% of the group)

complete spinal cord injury

3,027

13-77

(National SCI Data Research Centre);44 patients with 52 lower extremity fractures (1.45% of the group)

N/A

Frisbie
1997

120

20-39

15 fractures/1000 patient years

increasing age

40-59

31 fractures/1000 patient years

60-79

46 fractures/1000 patient years

Vestergaard
1998

438

10-80

cumulative fracture incidence=21%
overall fracture rate 2%/yr

women >men; men with a family history of fractures;
time since SCI longer than 3 yrs; level of SCI

McKinley
1999

N/A

1-60+

women
1% (5 yrs)
2% (10 yrs)
3% (15 yrs)
6% (20 yrs)

women >men; time since SCI

men
1% (5 yrs)
1% (10 yrs)
2% (15 yrs)
2% (20 yrs

Lazo
2001

41

27-83

34% of participants had fractures

low BMD femoral neck

Nelson
2003

889

45 people fractured over 10 years (5% of the group)

women >men; time since injury

Garland
2004

152

19-71

N/A

completeness of injury; increasing age; low BMI

Zehnder
2004

98

18-59

time since injury; bone loss in lower extremity

<1 yr

1%/yr

1-9 yrs

1%/yr

10-19 yrs

3%/yr

20-29 yrs

5%/yr

Eser
2005

99

19-83

21% of the participants had lower extremity fractures

Time since injury; low BMD

Garland
2005

28

26-52

N/A

women >men; low BMD;
increasing age; low BMI; complete spinal cord injury; duration of injury