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Belanger et al. 2000; Canada
PEDro=11
Prospective Controlled Trial
N=28
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Population: 14 men and women, ages 23-42, with complete and incomplete injuries between C5-T6, 14 able-bodied controls.
Treatment: ES. Quadriceps training was conducted 5 days/wk for 24 wks. Participants trained for 1hr/day or until fatigue. Right quadriceps were stimulated with no resistance (but against gravity) while the left quadriceps were stimulated against a resistance.
Outcome measures: BMD by DXA
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- At baseline BMD from the experimental group was lower at the distal femur, proximal tibia and mid-tibia (decreased range: 25.8% to 44.4%) than able-bodied controls.
- Increased BMD with training (p<0.05) for both sides of SCI participants, but the type of training had no effect (resistance vs. no resistance). There was a significant increase in the BMD of the distal femur and proximal tibia, but not in the mid-tibia.
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Rodgers et al. 1991; USA
Downs & Black =10
Pre-post
N=12
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Population: 12 men and women, ages 19-63, individuals with paraplegia and tetraplegia, complete/incomplete, no controls (only 9 participants had BMD).
Treatment: ES. Each participant trained for a total of 36 sessions (3x/wk for 12wks) using a progressive intensity protocol for PES stimulated knee extension. This progression was continued to a maximum 15 kg load.
Outcome measures: BMD by DXA
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- Tibial BMD was not significantly changed after ES protocol (p>0.05), but BMD was better than predicted values.
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