|
Work-related Incidents
|
|
Author
Year
N
|
Geographic region
|
Inclusion/
exclusion criteria
|
Study population
|
Injury features
|
Cause (%) /
sample
|
|
Pickett et al. 2006
N=151
|
London, Ontario,
Canada
|
1997-2006
Admissions to hospital in London, Ontario with SCI
|
Men=74.2%
Mean age = 42.2 ± 20.9 (9-96) years
Mortality=12 (8%)
|
Cervical=75%
Thoracic= 10%
Lumbar=9%
Junctional=6%
Complete=35% Incomplete=65%
|
Work-related:
6.6% (n=10)
|
|
Krassioukov et al. 2003
N=58
|
Toronto, Canada
|
1998-2000
Admissions to hospital in Toronto with traumatic SCI.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients admitted with ASIA E.
|
Males=87%
Ages 17-59 years:
Mean age=38.7 (17-56) years
|
ASIA A and B=30%
ASIA C and D=70%
|
Work-related
10.3%
(n=6)
|
|
Tator et al. 1993
N=201
|
Toronto,
Canada
|
1974-1981
First 220 admissions to Acute Spinal Cord Injury Unit in Toronto.
Exclusion Criteria: Admissions >30 days after injury; injuries without cord involvement; nerve root involvement only; penetrating injuries; injuries below L2; Patients who died on scene or upon arrival.
|
Males=79.6%
Mean age=34.5 years
Median age=27.0 years
|
Cervical=63.2%, Thoracic=16.9%, Thoraco-lumbar=19.9%
Complete=46.2%, Incomplete=53.8%
|
Work-related:
13.9% (n=28)
|
|
Stavrev et al. 1994
N=980
|
Plovdiv and Plovdiv region,
Bulgaria
|
1983-1992
Treatment for SCI at 2 clinics in Plovdiv region
|
Males=72%
21-40 years =387 (40%)
41-60 years =298 (30%)
61-70 years =137 (14%)
>70 years
=76 (8%)
Mortality=72 (7%)
|
Cervical=206 (21%)
Thoracic (>T7) =275 (28%)
Lumbar=399, (41%)
Other=100 (10%)
Neurological deficit=409 (42%)
No neurological deficit=572 (58%)
|
Work-related:
7.2% (n=71)
|
|
Exner & Meinecke 1997
N= 22,212
|
Germany
|
1976-1996
All traumatic and non-traumatic SCI
|
72% male.
|
62% paraplegic
38% tetraplegic
|
Work-related:
(14%)
(n=3119)
|
|
Caldana & Lucca 1998
N=127
|
Veneto, Italy
|
1994-1995
New cases of traumatic spinal cord injury and non-traumatic spinal cord disease treated in regional hospitals (small hospitals excluded)
|
Male = 83.5%; Average age (male) of 39.8 years
Average age (female) of 36 years
|
Cervical=62 (21 were complete)
Thoracic=29(25)
Thoracolumbar (T12-L1)=18(11)
Caudal=14(3)
Unidentified=1
|
Work-related:
22% (n=28)
|
|
van Asbeck et al. 2000
N=126
(specific data for 113)
|
Netherlands
|
1994
Patients with SCI in National Registration system with medical records.
Exclusion Criteria:
Spinal contusions with no or temporary neurological symptoms.
|
Males=77%
<20 years=15 (13%)
21-30 years=28 (25%)
31-60 years=36 (32%)
>61=34 (30%)
Mortality=18 (16%)
|
Complete tetraplegia=26 (23%)
Incomplete tetraplegia=39 (34%)
Complete paraplegia=29 (26%)
Incomplete paraplegia=19 (17%)
|
Work-related:
4.4% (n=5)
|
|
Singh et al. 2003
N=483
|
Haryana, India
|
2000-2001
Accident and emergency services and department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation of Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak.
|
Males = 74.7%)
Mean age at injury=35.4 years
|
164 tetraplegia
283 paraplegia
|
Mine
cave-in:
n=31 (6.42%)
|
|
Catz et al. 2002
N=250
|
Israel
|
1959-1992
Traumatic SCI, admitted to the Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center, the major referral center for rehabilitation medicine in Israel.
|
Males=75.6%
Mean age = 34.5 years (range 6-83 years).
|
High cervical 7.6%
low cervical 28.8%
thoracic 32.4%
lumbar 31.2%
|
Work-related:
26.8% (n=34)
|
|
Igun et al. 1999
N=68
|
Plateau State, Nigeria
|
1984-1997
Radiologically confirmed diagnosis of spinal cord injury.
|
Males = 91.2% Mean age = 30 years.
|
Cervico-thoracic n=32
Cervico-thoracic n=36
Deaths n=18
|
Mining cave-in
17.96% (n=12)
|
|
O'Connor 2001
N=369
|
Australia
|
1986-1997
Australian Spinal Cord Injury Register
|
Males= 95%
75% aged 25-54 years
28% labourers (construction, mining)
|
Data for 358 subjects:
35% incomplete paraplegia
34% complete paraplegia
21% incomplete tetraplegia
10% complete tetraplegia
34.4% (n=123) cervical
45.5% (n=163) thoracic
23.2% (n=83) lumbar
|
Work-related:
13% (n=369)
|
|
Ring et al. 1986
N=202
|
New South Wales, Australia
|
1977-1978
Admissions to New South Wales hospitals with spinal injury; death certificates that involved spinal injury. 99% of cases had neurological involvement.
|
Males=81%
15-24 years
= 84 (42%)
25-44 years
=58 (29%)
45-64 years
=30 (15%)
≥65 years=15 (7%)
Mortality=69 (39%)
|
Glasgow Outcome Scale:
Severe disability=98(49%)
Moderate disability=19(9%)
Good recovery=13(6%)
Not recorded=3(1%)
|
Work-related:
9.4% (n=19)
|
|
Dixon et al. 1993
N=164
|
New Zealand
|
1988
SCI cases in Health Services Statistics files.
|
Males=73.2%
Males aged 15-29 years=46%
|
C1-C4=49 (30%)
C5-C7=30 (18%)
T1-T6=19 (12%)
T7-T12-19 (12%)
|
Work-related:
3% (n=5)
|
