North America - USA

Warren et al.
1995
N=139

Alaska,
USA

1991-1993
SCI in Alaska Trauma Registry

(total cases from 1991-1993)
/
(population estimates published by Alaska Department of Labor)

83/million/year

Acton et al. 1993
N=644

Arkansas,
USA

1980-1989
Arkansas State Spinal Cord Commission registry.

(total cases by age group from 1980-1989)
/
(age specific 1980-1989 Arkansas population,1980 and 1989 census data)

28.5/million/year

Starr-Bocian et al. 1991
N=522

Colorado,
USA

1986-1991
SCI cases in Colorado and Wyoming Spinal Cord Injury Early Notification System (ENS)

(annual cases for 1986-1991)
/
(annual population of Colorado from 1986-1991 using U.S. Census data)

26.5/million/year (1986)
23.9/million/year (1987)
24.7/million/year (1988)
35.9/million/year (1989)
38.8/million/year (1990)

Price et al. 1994
N=376

Oklahoma,
USA

1988-1990
Oklahoma residents with SCI in Oklahoma statewide multilevel surveillance system.
Exclusion Criteria:
People who died at scene of injury; Injuries to nerve roots or spinal plexus.

(estimated cases using sensitivity of surveillance system by year and strata)
/
(Oklahoma population from 1990 census)

51/million/year

Thurman et al. 1994
N=223

Utah,
USA

1989-1991
Statewide injury reporting system from all state hospital and inpatient rehabilitation units and state death certificates.

(age specific verified cases from 1989-1991)
/
(1990 U.S. census population)

47/million/year (age adjusted to 1980)
43/million/year (crude)

Bracken et al. 1981
N=66,204

USA

1970-1977
National Center for Health Statistics Hospital Discharge Survey

(Survey results)
/
(Current Population) Reports Series)

40.1/million/year

Burke et al. 2001
N=161

Kentucky and Indiana counties, USA

1993-1998
University of Louisville Hospital SCI Trauma Registry and patient medical records

(hospital SCI trauma registry)
/
(US Census Bureau's population estimates)

25.2/million/year

Surkin et al. 2000
N=395

Mississippi, USA

1992-1994
All SCI cases that occurred in the state of Mississippi

(data from the SCI Surveillance System)
/
(Mississippi 1990 census data)

77/million/year

Marshall 2000
N=106

County of San Diego, California, USA

1992-1997
San Diego County Trauma Injury

(study of all trauma centers in San Diego County, including Children’s Hospital)
/
(1992 and 1997 census data)

40/million/year (1992)
40/million/year (1997)

DeVivo et al. 1980
N=not given

USA

National Model Spinal Cord Injury Data Base

Life-expectancy tables of SCI patients 9-86 years at time of injury

30/million/year

Griffin & Opitz 1985
N=154

Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA

1935-1981
Medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Project at the Mayo Clinic, periodic multi-centre surveys

(Medical records)
/
(Population from census data)

54.8/million/year (1935-1981)
22.2/million/year (1935-1944)
70.8/million/year (1975-1981)

Woodruff & Baron 1994
N=150

West Virginia, USA

1985-1988
West Virginia residents with SCI in Statewide reporting system
Data collected during the West Virginia Spinal Cord Injury Registry, includes only injured patients surviving until hospitalization

(data from the SCI Surveillance System)
/
(estimated resident population by Regional Research Institute of West Virginia University in 1985)

25/million/year

Kalsbeek et al. 1980
N=1,236
SCI=31

USA

1974
National Head and Spinal Cord Injury Survey

(Hospital admissions)
/
(Midyear estimates of population size in 1974 based on data from the United States Bureau of the Census)

50/million/year (1974)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1991
N=5384

New York State, USA

1982-1988
All hospital discharges from acute-care facilities in New York State from the New York State Department of Health’s Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System

(New York state hospital discharge data )
/
(Residents of New York State)

43/million/year