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Sports - Canada
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|
Author
Year
N
|
Geographic region
|
Inclusion/exclusion criteria
|
Study population
|
Injury features
|
Cause (%) / sample
|
|
Tarazi et al. 1999
N=56
|
Whistler/ Blackcomb Mountains, Canada
|
1994-1996
Ski patrol records, the Provincial Trauma Database, and hospital records were reviewed.
|
Skiers:
Males=70% Mean age for =34.5 years,
Snowboarders:
Mean age for snowboarders=22.4 years, 100% men.
|
12 had neurological deficits
Complete at C2
Complete at T2
Complete at T6
Incomplete at T 12
Cauda equina L1
Central Cord Syn at C4
Central Cord Syn at C7 n=2
Nerve root deficits n=4
|
Snow-boarding and Skiing:
100% (n=56)
Prevalence:
0.01 per 1000 skier-days
0.04 per 1000 snowboarder-days
|
|
Koo & Fish 1999
N= 10
|
British Columbia, Canada
|
10 consecutive patients with SCI due to snowboarding admitted to Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre Acute SCI Unit
|
Males=90% Average age =22.4 (range 16-29) years. Average 6.25 years experience.
|
cervical facture/dislocation n=1
compression/burst type n=9
50% neurological impairment:
3 complete
2 incomplete
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Snow-boarding:
100% (n=10)
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|
Tator et al. 1991
N=117
|
Canada and United States
Canada=110
United States=6
Unknown=1
|
1966-1987
Survey results from physicians and other sources reporting spinal or spinal cord injury in hockey player.
Exclusion Criteria:
Minor spinal injuries such as strains, sprains, flexion-extension injuries and whiplash.
|
Males=96%
Mean age=21 (11-47) years
Mortality=5 (4%)
|
Cervical=93 (80%)
Thoracic=3 (3%)
Thoracolumbar=7 (6%)
Lumbosacral=6 (5%)
Unknown=8 (7%)
Complete=29 (25%)
Incomplete=32 (27%)
Root injury only=12 (10%)
No neurological deficit=28 (24%)
Unknown=16 (14%)
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Ice Hockey:
100% (n=117)
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|
Tator et al. 2004
N=271
|
Canada
|
1943-1999
Survey results from physicians and other sources reporting spinal or spinal cord injury in hockey players.
Exclusion Criteria:
Minor spinal injuries such as strains, sprains or whiplash.
|
Males=97%
Mean age =20.6 (11-50) years
|
Known features (n=236):
Cervical =83.5%
Thoracic=5.1%
Thoraco-Lumbar=5.9%
Lumbo-sacral=5.5%
Complete=58 (21%)
Incomplete=58 (21%)
Transient neurological symptoms=43 (16%)
Root injury only=26 (10%)
No neurological deficit=60 (22%)
Unknown=26 (10%)
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Ice hockey:
100% (n=271)
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|
Pickett et al. 2006
N=151
|
London, Ontario,
Canada
|
1997-2006
Admissions to hospital in London, Ontario with SCI.
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Male=74.2%
Mean age = 42.2 ± 20.9 (9-96) years
Mortality=12 (8%)
|
Cervical=75%
Thoracic= 10%
Lumbar=9%
Junctional=6%
Complete=35% Incomplete=65%
|
Sports:
9.3%
(n=14)
|
|
Tator et al. 1993
N=201
|
Toronto,
Canada
|
1974-1981
First 220 admissions to Acute Spinal Cord Injury Unit in Toronto.
Exclusion Criteria: Admissions >30 days after injury; injuries without cord involvement; nerve root involvement only; penetrating injuries; injuries below L2; Patients who died on scene or upon arrival.
|
Males=79.6%
Mean age=34.5 years
Median age=27.0 years
|
Cervical=63.2%, Thoracic=16.9%, Thoraco-lumbar=19.9%
Complete=46.2%, Incomplete=53.8%
|
Sports:
22.9%
(n=46)
|
|
Dryden et al. 2003
N=450
|
Alberta, Canada
|
1997-2000
Data from the Alberta Ministry of Health and Wellness, records from the Alberta Trauma Registry, and death certificates from the Office of the Medical Examiner
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Males=71.6% Median age of injury=35.0 years
|
61.5% (n=277) cervical
17.3% (n=78) thoracic
17.1% (n=77) lumbar/sacral/cauda equina
4.0% (n=18) unspecified
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Sports:
11.3%
(n=51)
|
|
Krassioukov et al. 2003
N=58
|
Toronto, Canada
|
1998-2000
Admissions to hospital in Toronto with traumatic SCI.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients admitted with ASIA E.
|
Males=87%
Ages 17-59 years:
Mean age=38.7 (17-56) years
|
ASIA A and B=30%
ASIA C and D=70%
|
Sports:
23.3%
(n=7)
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