Sports-Asia

Shingu et al. 1995
N=9752

Japan

1990-1992
Survey of nationwide institutions assumed to accept SCI patients.
Exclusion criteria:
Patients only receiving outpatient services in this period

Males=80.4%
Mean age=48.6±19.1 (0.92-96) years

Frankel levels:
A=2518 (25.8%)
B=1208 (12.4%)
C=1984 (20.3%)
D=1761 (18.1%)
E=2242 (23.0%)
Unknown=39 (0.4%)
Cervical=7317 (75.0%)
Below cervical=2408 (24.7%)
Unknown=27 (0.3%)
Complete=61.1%

Skiing:
0.7% (n=71)

Rugby:
0.7%
(n=67)

Diving:
1.2%
(n=114)

Sports:
5.4%
(n=528)

Shingu et al. 1994
N=3465

Japan

1990
Survey of nationwide institutions assumed to accept SCI patients;
Exclusion criteria:
Traumatic cervical syndrome cases and extradural nerve root; Patients only receiving outpatient services in this year or who obtained injury abroad

Male (overall) =81.2%
Mean age (sports)
=26.1 years

Cervical=158 (87%)
Below cervical=24 (13%)

Skiing:
0.6%
(n=20)

Rugby:
0.7%
(n=24)

Diving:
1.3%
(n=44)

Sports:
5.3%
(n=182)

Yamakawa et al. 2001
N=324
SCI=26

Okumino skiing area, Gifu prefecture,
Japan

1988-2000
Admissions with ski or snowboard related spinal injuries to hospital in Okumino ski area.

Males=67%
Mean age= 26.7 (4-62) years
Beginner=27 (31%)
Intermediate/ Expert=59 (69%)

Cervical=7
Lumbar=2

Skiing:
(n=86)
(SCI=9)

Prevalence:
SCI
0.42/100,000
Spinal Injury
5.73/100,000 visits

Males=68%
Mean age=22.3 (11-46) years
Beginner=105 (44%)
Intermediate/ Expert=133 (56%)

Cervical=14
Thoracic=2
Lumbar=1

Snowboarding:
(n=238)
(SCI=17)

Prevalence:
SCI
0.69/100,000
Spinal Injury
0.073/100,000

Ye et al. 2009
N=57

Beijing,
China

1993-2006
Admission to 6 institutions in Beijing with SCI due to sports and recreation.

Males=77%
Mean age =24.5 ±11.9 years
Mortality=2 (3.5%)

ASIA A=32 (56%)
ASIA B=19 (33%)
ASIA C= 5 (9%)
ASIA D= 1 (2%)
Ratio of complete to incomplete:
1:2.1

Sports:
100%
(n=57)

Water sports (65%)
Gymnastics (9%)
Ball game (7%)
Casual play (5%)
Dancing (5%)
Other (9%)

Chen et al. 1985
N=560

Taipei, Taiwan

1978-1981
All record from general hospitals in Taipei. Included all spinal cord lesion with or without vertebral injury.

Males = 86% Mean age = 35.9 (range 20-49) years.

Incomplete Paraplegia n=118
Complete paraplegia n=180
Incomplete Tetraplegia n=117
Complete Tetraplegia n=145
Death n=31

Sports:
3.7%
(n=21)

Chen et al. 1997
SCI=1,586

Taiwan

1992-1996
113 hospitals (11 medical centers, 50 regional general hospitals, 52 local general hospitals)

Male = 75% Average age of injury=46.1 years

49.9% cervical
13.3% thoracic
34.6% lumbar
6.6% (n=105) died after treatment

Sports:
1.2%
(n=19)

Lan et al. 1993
N=99

Hualien county, Taiwan

1986-1990
Treatment of traumatic SCI in 4 hospitals in Hualien county.
Exclusion Criteria:
People who died before hospitalization; nontraumatic SCI; patients with transient paralysis; non residents of Hualien.

Males= 80%
Mean age (males)=44 years
Mean age (females)=46 years
Mortality=10 (10%)

Complete tetraplegia=2
Incomplete tetraplegia=2
Incomplete paraplegia=2

Sports:
6.1%
(n=6)

Shrestha et al. 2007
N=149

Eastern region,
Nepal

2001-2004
Admission to hospital in Dharan with cervical spinal injury.

Males= 80%
Mean age=40 (6-88) years
Mortality=6 (4%)

Frankel levels:
A=54 (36%)
B=20 (13%)
C=22 (15%)
D=19 (13%)
E=34 (23%)

Sports:
2.0%
(n=3)

Silberstein & Rabinovich 1995
N=196

Novosibirsk,
Russia

1989-1993
All in patients with SCI admitted to the Department of SCI. Nerve root or plexus injury was excluded.

Males = 93.4% Mean age =34.7 years.

Cervical spine
C1-2 n=15
C3-7 n=81
Thoracic T1-12 n=54
Lumbar L1-5 n=46

Sports:
23.8%
(n=47)

Otom et al. 1997
N=151

Jordan

1988-1993
Royal Jordanian Rehabilitation Centre (RJRC) King Hussein Medical Centre (KHMC)

Males = 85.4% Average age of injury=33 years

Cervical=31.8% (n=48)
Thoraco-lumbar= 68.2% (n=103)
Frankel A= 53.6% (n=81)
Frankel B = 10% (n=15)
Frankel C =22.5% (n=34)
Frankel D= 13.9% (n=21)

Sports:
2.6%
(n=4)