Sports-Africa

Kew et al. 1991
N=117

Cape Province, South Africa

1963-1989
Major SCI unit in the South Africa; rugby listed as cause of SCI

Males = 100%
81 adults, 36 schoolboys. No other demographics given.

C3/C4 n=4
C4/C5 n=43
C5/C6 n=38
C6/C7 n=11
T1-18 n=6
>T8 n=1

Rugby:
100%
(n=117)

21.3% scrum
17.9% ruck and maul
20.5% tackling
29.9% tackled
1.7% foul play
0.9% line out
7.7% unknown

Jakoet & Noakes 1998
N=416
SCI=1

South Africa

1995
Played in the Rugby World Cup

No information provided

Ligament/joint injuries = 34%
(Neck (including SCI) =4%)
Lacerations=27%
Muscle/contusions
=24%
Fractures/
Dislocations=11
Concussions=3

Rugby:
0.24%
(n=1)

Incidence:
4.5/10,000 player hours

Noakes et al. 1999
N=67

Western Cape, South Africa

1990-1997
All rugby related SCI at the SC Unit at Conradie Hospital.

Males= 100%
54 adults
13 schoolboy rugby players

32% C4/5
42% C5/6
8% death
48% tetraplegia
35% recovery

Rugby:
100%
(n=67)

Obalum et al. 2009
N=468

Lagos, Nigeria

1992-2006
Registrars at the emergency room and wards from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (receives the majority of SCI patients in Lagos)

Males= 70.1% 66.2% were ages 40 years and below. Peak age incidence = 21-30 years.

ASIA A n=230
ASIA B n=45
ASIA C n=36
ASIA D n=41
ASIA E n= 34
Death n=82
Lumbar n=278
Cervical n=142
Thoracic n=48

Sports:
1.7%
(n=8)