Bauman et al. 2005
USA
Downs & Black score=16
Pre-post
Study 1: N=10
Study 2: N=40

Population: Study 1: Mean age = 53 yrs; Study 2: Mean age = 43 yrs.
Treatment: Study 1: All were given 50μg (2000 IU) vitamin D3 twice weekly and 1500mg elemental calcium daily for 2 weeks. Blood and urine were collected at baseline and after 2 weeks. Study 2: 10μg (400 IU) vitamin D3, a multivitamin with an additional 10μg (400 IU) vitamin D3, and 500mg elemental calcium daily for 12 months. Blood and urine were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months.
Outcome Measures: Changes in serum 25(OH)D, calcium and PTH, and urinary calcium.

Study 1:

1. After 2 weeks, serum 25(OH)D increased (from 8.8 to 14.7 ng/mL, P < 0.005) but 8 of 10 subjects still had values below the normal range (< 16 ng/mL).
2. Serum PTH decreased from 35 to 18 pg/mL (p < 0.05), serum calcium was not significantly different, and urinary calcium increased from 103 to 239 mg/d (p = 0.01).

Study 2:

1. After 6 and 12 months, serum 25(OH)D increased (from 10.7 to 19.6 to 22.5 ng/mL, p< 0.0001).
2. At baseline, 33 subjects were vitamin D deficient (< 16 ng/mL) compared to 9 after 12 months.
3. Serum PTH decreased (from 37 to 27 to 25 pg/mL, p < 0.005), and measures of calcium were not significantly different.