Kloth et al. 2000
USA
Downs & Black score=13 
Case Control
N=20 (21 pressure ulcers)

Population: Treatment group: Mean age = 65.4 yrs; Pressure ulcer stage: III = 9, IV = 7; Number of pressure ulcers: SCI = 7, Geriatrics = 8; Control group: Mean age = 59 yrs; Pressure ulcer stage: III = 3, IV = 3; Number of pressure ulcers: SCI = 3, Geriatrics = 3.
Treatment: A semiocclusive heated dressing applied (38°C) to treatment groups’ ulcers 4.5 hrs/day, Monday to Friday, for 4 wks. Heating element delivered two 60 minute periods of warmth with 1 hr of no heat between and at the end of treatment session. Standard wound care was received by both groups.
Outcome Measures: Peak daily skin temperature; change in wound surface area.

1. Treatment group’s skin temperature increased 1.88°C inside and 1.86°C outside the pressure ulcer on average, between baseline and end of a session (p<0.05).
2. Treatment group’s pressure ulcer surface area improved significantly, when compared to the control group (60.73% & 19.24% respectively, p<0.05).