Bogie & Triolo 2003
USA
Downs & Black score=13
Pre-post
N=8

Population: SCI: Age = 27-47 yrs; Gender: males = 7, females = 1; Severity of injury: AIS: A = 6, B = 2.
Treatment: The exercise regimen included 3 different stimulation patterns. Duration of exercise was varied over the 8 wk training period as the muscles became conditioned.
Outcome Measures: Mean interface pressure, mean ischial region interface pressure.

1. Overall, with chronic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), mean interface pressure showed no significant differences between baseline and post exercise levels.
2. Mean ischial region interface pressure had a uniform tendency to decrease post exercise assessment, p<0.01.

Lui et al. 2006b
UK
Downs & Black score=13
Case Series
N=5

Population: SCI: Mean age = 45 yrs; Gender: males = 4, females = 1; Level of injury: paraplegia = 5, Severity of injury: complete = 5.
Treatment: SARS implant applied bilateral electrical stimulation for 10 seconds (frequency=20pps; pulse width range 8-800secs; amplitude of “1”). Second sacral nerve root was stimulated (S2).
Outcome Measures: PP & GPP; before and during electrical stimulation using pressure mapping.

1. There was an average 33% decrease in PP during stimulation (at rest= 148.6 mmHg; during FES =99.8mmHg; p<0.01).
2. There was also a mean 38% decrease in GPP during stimulation (at rest=54.6 mmHg; during FES= 33.8 mmHg; p<0.05).
3. An increase in pulse width resulted in lower PP. Lowest PP was attained at a stimulation pulse width range from 64-600 secs.
4. No complications were reported.